MS Diagnosis

MS diagnosis is based upon an individual's history of clinical symptoms and neurological examinations. A qualified physician — often a neurologist — must thoroughly review all symptoms experienced by an individual to suspect MS. Other conditions with similar symptoms must be ruled out, often requiring various lab tests.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain has been used to assist in the diagnosis of MS for more than 20 years. The MRI consists of a computer, radiofrequency stimulator, and large electromagnet. An MRI picture looks like an x-ray, but rather than x-rays, a magnet and radio waves are used to produce a picture of the brain. For those with MS, the MRI is used to show the size and location of active lesions and plaques. Sometimes dye is given to the person with MS to better illuminate areas of inflammation.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is occasionally recommended to determine disease activity or to provide further evidence for diagnosis. CSF is the fluid that surrounds the spinal cord and brain. When someone has MS, this procedure frequently shows evidence of abnormal antibody production. Since the introduction of the MRI, CSF analysis is used less often.

When performing a CSF analysis, a local anesthetic is given to reduce any discomfort. A needle is inserted in the lower back to collect a small amount of CSF fluid. Anyone planning to have a CSF analysis performed is encouraged to ask his or her physician to provide an explanation of the procedure.

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